A new axis of evil?

The ‘Axis of Evil’ coined by George W. Bush is not so much redundant for Washington today as in need of descriptive expansion, argues Albrecht Rothacher. The threat of a new, enlarged axis of evil is all the greater for the United States' increasing neo-isolationism

Russia and China join Iran and North Korea

Twenty years ago, George Bush junior coined the phrase 'Axis of Evil', to characterise the threat posed by Iran, Iraq and North Korea – who, it's worth noting, were no friends to each other at the time.

Bush waged war on Iraq, he had Saddam Hussein executed and he thoroughly destabilised the Middle East. Yet despite his success in removing Iraq as a serious threat, the regimes in Iran and North Korea remained intact.

Today, Washington would be more than justified in viewing Russia, and even China, as also being part of a new axis.

The Russia-North Korea nexus

After all, despite a continuous three-shift production, the Russian armaments industry is failing to keep pace with the rate of use (and wastage) of ammunition in Ukraine. North Korea, meanwhile, is supplying the Russian army from its seventy-year ammunition stockpile.

Russia's armaments industry, unable to keep pace with wartime demands, is having to rely on North Korean weaponry

This stockpile even includes missiles with a range of 400–700km, previously used only for exhibition shooting and military parades. Some sceptics had assumed these missiles were dummies. Now, like Western weapons, they are being tested in Ukraine on living objects under real combat conditions.

In breach of UN sanctions, the Kremlin is paying for North Korea's missile and nuclear armaments with oil and technological aid. The same goes to Iran for its deliveries of combat drones.

These alliances of convenience fit into Vladimir Putin's concept of distracting and weakening the West through secondary wars against what we might describe as the Iranian-supported activities of Hamas, Hezbollah and the Houthis.

If Kim Jong Un genuinely intended to attack the South any time soon, he wouldn't be selling off his weapons to the Russians

Whenever Kim Jong Un starts to feel ignored, he attracts attention with skirmishes on the disputed maritime border with the South, and launches nuclear or missile tests. This time he has torn down a pompous reunification monument in Pyongyang, and designated South Korea the new main political enemy. But we cannot take Kim's threats of war too seriously. If he genuinely wanted to attack the South, he wouldn't be selling off his ammunition to the Kremlin. Indeed, Putin is expected to make a return visit to Pyongyang in the near future.

The role of China

China's role in this group is controversial. Beijing enjoys playing the overwhelming protective power of the three sanctioned, so-called pariah countries. Yet this is gradually turning these countries effectively into Chinese raw material colonies, well supplied with military technology, but not with weapons.

China enjoys playing the overwhelming protective power of the sanctioned 'pariah' countries

In contrast with its three partners, China has no interest in a destabilisation of Northeast Asia or the Middle East. Indeed, this would endanger its foreign investments and its world trade. This is because China's economy is barely growing, exacerbated by a housing crisis, high youth unemployment, and an ageing population. In any case, Xi Jinping is busy following his aggressive imperial strategy towards Taiwan and in the South China Sea. He doesn't want to become once again entangled in foreign wars, as China was in Korea in 1950.

Strengthened military capacities

The four countries' association into a new ‘axis of evil’ means strengthened military capacities for all involved. This is especially so since Russia, North Korea and Iran already run war economies, even given their lack of export successes, failures in battle, exploding tank convoys, and the semi-sunken Black Sea fleet.

The US and neo-isolationism

The West, on the other hand, is rapidly losing influence worldwide. A new ‘axis of evil’ thus constitutes a serious long-term challenge that could overwhelm even the United States, which is threatened by a neo-isolationist leadership crisis, and an ever-growing silence on the world stage.

This article presents the views of the author(s) and not necessarily those of the ECPR or the Editors of The Loop.

Author

photograph of Albrecht Rothacher
Albrecht Rothacher
Independent Researcher

Albrecht gained his MA in sociology from the University of Bridgeport in 1978, and a PhD in international relations from LSE in 1982.

A stint at Deutsche Bank in the EU’s diplomatic service followed from 1984–2020, with postings in Vienna, Singapore, Paris and Tokyo, lastly as Minister Councillor, mostly dealing with economic and trade issues.

He then worked in Brussels as a policy officer, mostly concerned with economic relations with countries 'East of Berlin and Vienna'; lastly with Russia mainly.

He has published 24 books mostly on Asian affairs, economic and military history, but most recently a biography on the French presidents of the 5th Republic.

Current research work includes a collective biography of the Austrian chancellors of the 2nd Republic, and French colonial wars 1945–1962 (Indochina and Algeria).

Read more articles by this author

Share Article

Republish Article

We believe in the free flow of information Republish our articles for free, online or in print, under a Creative Commons license.

Creative Commons License

Comments

One comment on “A new axis of evil?”

  1. I suggest the abbrevation TRINCH for the Axis of Evil, including nowadays Turkey.

    T-Turkey
    R-Russia
    I-Iran
    N-North Korea
    CH-China
    This could go as abbrevation in English, German, and more languages

Leave a Reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

The Loop

Cutting-edge analysis showcasing the work of the political science discipline at its best.
Read more
THE EUROPEAN CONSORTIUM FOR POLITICAL RESEARCH
Advancing Political Science
© 2024 European Consortium for Political Research. The ECPR is a charitable incorporated organisation (CIO) number 1167403 ECPR, Harbour House, 6-8 Hythe Quay, Colchester, CO2 8JF, United Kingdom.
linkedin facebook pinterest youtube rss twitter instagram facebook-blank rss-blank linkedin-blank pinterest youtube twitter instagram