Following Israel’s 12-day air campaign in Iran in June 2025, casualty figures varied across media sources, official reports, and humanitarian organisations. Narges Qadirli examines how short urban air warfare exposes structural constraints in the recording, measurement, and verification of civilian harm across conflict datasets and casualty reporting systems
PhD Candidate in Legal Studies, Carleton University
Narges has a legal background and specialises in international law.
Her doctoral research examines civilian harm in armed conflict, with a particular focus on injuries caused by aerial warfare and their long-term impacts on communities.
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